TY - JOUR AU - Poliarush, Svitlana PY - 2018/12/19 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Mutual Aid Society in the Left-Bank Ukraine (the second half of the XIXth and early XXth centuries) JF - Zaporizhzhia Historical Review JA - ZHR VL - 1 IS - 51 SE - History of Ukraine DO - UR - https://istznu.org/index.php/journal/article/view/28 SP - 198-202 AB - The article, based on the analysis of sources, systematization and synthesis of factual material, reveals the reasons for the massive opening of mutual aid societies in the Left-Bank Ukraine in the second half of the XIXth and early XXth centuries. It is established that the named societies are a preventive form of support for the needy members of society. The classification of mutual assistance societies is proposed namely: general-type mutual assistance societies, estate, ethnic and professional backgrounds societies. The latter group includes associations of mutual assistance of civil servants, associations of representatives of certain professions and student communities. It is given characteristic of the specificity of the legal status of the investigated philanthropic associations, the peculiarities of their management, the formation of capital and the main directions of assistance to the least protected members of the societies (monetary assistance, employment, creation of training courses, lectures, child guardianship, burial assistance). The most numerous were societies of the general type, however, they were limited to monetary aid in rather modest amounts. Estate type societies were small and they could be considered as relics of feudal society. Communities of mutual support on an ethnic basis supported both members of their community and citizens of the country of the ethnic origin of the community. The largest distribution on the Left Bank acquired mutual benefit societies on a professional basis. Civil servants were constantly under the close supervision of central government bodies and had no autonomy in the issues of establishing mutual assistance societies. All other associations of mutual support on a professional basis, especially in large enterprises, competed with trade unions. The most diverse forms of assistance to their members were student societies and fraternity. Each group of mutual aid associations contributed to the formation of a system of social support for the urban population of the Left Bank. ER -