TY - JOUR AU - Bilonozhko, S. PY - 2019/12/29 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Referendums as a political tool for the independence of Catalonia and Scotland JF - Zaporizhzhia Historical Review JA - ZHR VL - 2 IS - 52 SE - World History DO - UR - https://istznu.org/index.php/journal/article/view/218 SP - 251-258 AB - The article attempts to determine the content of referendums in Scotland and Catalonia as a political instrument for gaining independence. To make a comparative description of this political instrument within the two historically varied regions. For the form of a legal, uninterrupted political one, I will pour into the central government, at the expense of autonomy, and with the help of others, in such a way, sovereign, and in Scotland, and in Catalonia, in fraud, as reference.In modern political processes, plebiscats and referendums, they are filled with the effective form of the direct political part of the public in political life. The key tasks defining the directions of problem solving are: firstly, the identification of topical factors of the intensification of separatism at the beginning of the twenty-first century; and secondly, the study of historical causes and modern features of separatist sentiment, movements in Catalonia and Scotland; and thirdly, in the study of means and methods to counter the Spanish power of secession in Catalonia and Scotland, as well as in the analysis of their transformation latelyTherefore, a careful analysis of the official positions of all parties to this process is due to the fact that the unilateral withdrawal process will be in violation of international law, and if recognized, an unwanted precedent will be created that can be used to legitimize illegal referendums and to intensify separatist movements in other countries. This can be further weakened by the national governments of the countries, and without worrying about their best times, the European Union. ER -