Declining villages as the result of Soviet period transformations

  • M. Rohozha Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University
Keywords: declining villages, party decisions, collectivization, youth, decrease of population, social sphere, demography

Abstract

The paper conceptually deals with successive party policy in Ukraine directed by union administration concerning political, economic and social transformations in Ukrainian village. It is determined that different approaches concerning resolving of further destiny of Ukrainian village in view of the battle of ideas and opinions were stopped by willed decisions from above which were realized by local party leaders. Ukrainian village with its hardworking population was collectivized coercively; further resistance to collectivization was broken by different methods. The last point in overcoming of resistance to collectivization put Holodomor 1932 – 1933, inspired by central party body. At the result of collectivization peasants lost their right to manage means of production and results of their work. The state administration individually set prices on cereals and other kinds of agricultural production; remuneration of labor was accomplished not in money, but in so called «trudodni» (working ways). Absence of passports in fact fixed peasants in collective farms, depriving them rights to realize personally the opportunity to search for better life, work and its worthy remuneration. Development of social sphere in postwar period also was financed in residual principle. The next party decision of the mid of 1950-ies concerning consolidation and labor specialization of collective farms prepared conditions for appearance of co called declining (brigade) villages, it became the next step to the flowing of workers from agricultural to industrial sector of economics. At the same time, departure of great number of youth to develop new lands of Kazakhstan, titanic komsomol building projects provide loose of national memory and connection of generations, genetic code of agricultural nation was eroded and diluted; mentality of people was in process of destruction. Reduction of social sphere infrastructure took place in declining villages that in some degree fastened their disappearance. As such tendency is still preserving, urgent system of counteractions to that negative process is necessary.

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Published
2018-12-19
How to Cite
Rohozha, M. (2018). Declining villages as the result of Soviet period transformations. Zaporizhzhia Historical Review, 1(50), 323-328. Retrieved from https://istznu.org/index.php/journal/article/view/226