Pre-Revolutionary Historiography of the Socio-Economic and Cultural Life of the German-Speaking Population of the South Ukraine in the Middle of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

O. Zamuruytsev; N. Shkoda

O. Zamuruytsev Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University
N. Shkoda Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University

Keywords: foreign colonization, German colonists, Mennonites, colonial ownership of land, agriculture, commodity economy, extensive development

Abstract

The history of the research of the socio-economic and the cultural life of the German and Mennonite settlements on the example of the territory of thosedays of Katerynoslavska and Tavriya provinces (gubernia) in the middle of the 19th - early 20th centuries is analyzed inthe article. On the base ofappropriate material,the authorsmade the attempt to determine the most typical features and the directions of the development of this process and to find out its general tendencies.

Analyzing the general picture of the development of the pre-revolutionary historiography of the problem, it should be noted that during this period the foundations of its study were laid and the conditions for the further scientific research were created. It is determined that the historiography of the chosen problem at that time was characterized mainly the descriptive character and the lack of the clear methodology of the scientific research. Their researchers were not most often the professional historians, but the single personalities who, by the nature of their activities, were dealt with the colonial environment. The basis of their work was the documents of the state audits and the provincial statistics, the materials of the colonial and the departmental archives, the legislative acts, etc., and also the own observations. Among the literature of that time, we can find two directions which are differed in character and the individual accents in the research of the history of Germans and Mennonites in Russia. One of them, which is combined the works which are devoted directly to the general history of the German colonization in the Russian Empire. The general-historical aspect of this problem is directly dominated, and in many cases these researches only partially are touched the Southern regions of the modern Ukraine.

Another direction was related to literature, which is considered the German question only as the part of the whole history of the South Ukraine, at its regional level and only in the general context of the defined theme. A lot of attention was paid here to more specific, in particular, the economic questions, which were investigated with the help of the considerable statistical material, which was gathered during the numerical provincial censuses.

It should be noted that, despite the insufficient scientific character of many such publications, they laid the foundations for further definition of the mentioned themeof next (Soviet) period.

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